01Why links need to resolve
Google finds pages and understands them largely through links, and only reliably follows <a href> links to resolvable URLs [1].
A link to a 404 still gets crawled, but the request lands nowhere. The page it pointed at is dropped from the index over time [2].
02A 404 is correct; linking to one isn’t
Google has said 404s for pages that genuinely no longer exist don’t hurt the rest of the site’s rankings [3]. The problem is your own links still pointing at them.
Pages that are gone should return 404 or 410, not a 200 “not found” page, which Google treats as a soft 404 [2].
03Links that go through redirects
Googlebot follows up to 10 redirect hops [2], and treats permanent redirects as a strong canonical signal [4].
A link via a redirect still works, but each hop is an extra request, and a chain that ends in an error loses the target entirely. That’s why the checker flags them too.
04Outbound links and rel attributes
For outbound links you don’t vouch for, Google supports rel="sponsored", rel="ugc" and rel="nofollow"[5].
The checker reports those attributes alongside status codes, so a dead sponsored link and a dead editorial link can be told apart.
References
- [1]Link best practices for Google · Google Search Centraldevelopers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/links-crawlable
- [2]How HTTP status codes and network errors affect Google Search · Google Search Centraldevelopers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/http-network-errors
- [3]Do 404s hurt my site? · Google Search Central Blog, 2011developers.google.com/search/blog/2011/05/do-404s-hurt-my-site
- [4]Redirects and Google Search · Google Search Centraldevelopers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/301-redirects
- [5]Qualify your outbound links to Google · Google Search Centraldevelopers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/qualify-outbound-links